Basic Characteristics Of Stepper Motors

Core Basic Characteristics

Open-loop control: Position and speed can be controlled without feedback sensors, resulting in a simple structure and low cost.

 

Pulse-driven: The rotor rotates a fixed angle (called the step angle) each time it receives a pulse signal; the speed is proportional to the pulse frequency.

 

No cumulative error: High positioning accuracy, with typical errors of ±3% to ±5% of the step angle, without accumulating over multiple steps.

 

Holding torque: If powered, the motor can maintain its position when stopped without mechanical brakes.

 

Fast start, stop, and reverse: Quick response, suitable for frequent starting, stopping, and reversing operations.

 

Torque decreases with increased speed: Due to the inductance of the windings generating back EMF, the current decreases at high frequencies, leading to reduced output torque.

 

Low-speed vibration and potential high-speed step loss: Resonance or squealing can occur at low frequencies; normal starting is not possible above the no-load starting frequency.

 

High operating temperature: During normal operation, surface temperature can reach 80–90°C, and some motors may reach 130°C, which is normal (depending on the demagnetization point of the magnetic materials).